Uzbek culture is very rich, not only by museums towns, but also by the mix of people for thousands of years.

The visitor  is perplexed after visits of Khiva, Samarkand and Bukhara. These museums-cities have been remarkably restored.

The Kyrgyz culture has been greatly influenced by the nomadic heritage. It is reflected in the way a household was run, in customs, and rites. People decorated their homes with items that were both beautiful and practical. The masterpiece of folk creation is the Kyrgyz yurta (yourt, yurt, tent), which was easy to assemble and transport from place to place.

Mongolian cuisine is quite simple cuisine, mainly limited by the arid regions of the Mongolian Plateau, whether the steppe, which covers most of these regions, the Gobi Desert, the Khangai. Most of the food comes from animals, whether for their meat, fat or dairy products they produce. Millet is the main Mongolian cereal, but barley and wheat are also used. Fruits and vegetables are almost absent from the kitchen.

The culture of Afghanistan has persisted for over three millennia, dating back at least to the time of the Achaemenid Empire in 550 BCE. It is mainly a tribal society with different regions of the country having their own subculture. Almost all Afghans follow Islamic traditions, celebrate the same holidays, dress the same, eat the same food, listen to the same music, and are multilingual to some extent. Persian culture and architecture is still present. Some Zoroastrian festivals are still celebrated like the New Year "Navruz".

The Tajiks are heavily concentrated in the northeast, but also form large communities elsewhere, such as in western Afghanistan. The Hazaras tend to be mainly concentrated in the central region, while the Uzbeks are mainly in the north. In the southern and eastern region, Pashtuns live in accordance with Pashtun culture and are generally bilingual in Pashto and Dari.

Afghanistan has been the main crossroads of Central Asia, South Asia and the Middle East, which has greatly influenced its culture.

This chapter is devoted to the cultures of Xinjiang where the current dominant people are represented by the Uyghurs. The name Xinjiang means "new frontiers" and was adopted by Qing Manchuria. But history has made this region a mixture of peoples and cultures. During prehistoric times, cultural influence came from the northwest and moved east until the 3rd century AD when Buddhism appeared in the region. The Scythian empire gives way to the Kouchan empire which left many pictorial traces especially in the caves of Kizil and marks the beginning of the Silk Roads. Then in the 7th century, it is the Tang culture which dominates the region but for a short time, because in the 8th century the Tibetan Empire controls the region before the Tang with the help of the Uyghurs regain control. From 840, the Uyghurs were pushed back to the south by the Kyrgyz, they will remain there to this day.
The Uyghur people are therefore an ancient Turkish people who greatly influenced Asian civilizations. The Uyghurs were the first sedentary among the Turkic peoples. Influenced by Manichaeism and then by Buddhism, whose heyday extends from the 9th to the 10th centuries, and was a highlight in the history of the region in artistic and literary terms. Subsequently, the Uyghur Islamic era gave birth to famous works of the 11th century such as the "Compendium of Turkish languages" by the philosopher and lexicographer Mahmoud Al-Kachgari and "The Science which brings happiness" by the philosopher Yusuf Balasagun, prides literary works from all over the Turkish world. The place of Uyghur civilization is as important there as the Greco-Roman civilization for the Western world.